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The TensCalcMatlab toolbox provides an environments forperforming nonlinear constrained optimization.
The variables to be optimized can be multi-dimensional arrays of anydimension (tensors) and the cost functions and inequality constraintsare specified using Matlab-like formulas.
Interior point methods are used for the numerical optimization, whichuses formulas for the gradient and the hessian matrix that arecomputed symbolically in an automated fashion.
The package can either produce optimized Matlab code or C code. Theformer is preferable for very large problems, whereas the latter forsmall to mid-size problems that need to be solved in just a fewmilliseconds. The C code can be used from inside Matlab using an(automatically generated) cmex interface or in standaloneapplications. No libraries are required for the standalone code.
A technical description of the algorithms behind TensCalc can be found athttps://www.ece.ucsb.edu/~hespanha/published/tenscalc_imp-20170630.pdf
The TensCalc toolbox supports Matlab running under:
To install
Install the FunParTools toolbox.
Install the CmexTools toolbox. This will only succeed after installing FunParTools.
Download TensCalc using one of the following options:
downloading it as a zip file fromhttps://github.com/hespanha/tenscalc/archive/master.zipand unzipping to an appropriate location
cloning this repository with svn, e.g., using the shell command
checking out this repository with Git, e.g., using the shell command
The latter two options are recommended because you cansubsequently use svn update
or git pull
to upgrade TensCalcto the latest version.
After this, you should have at least the following folders:
tenscalc
tenscalc/lib
tenscalc/examples
tenscalc/doc
Enter tenscalc
and execute the following command at the Matlab prompt:
MATLAB must have write permissions to the foldertenscalc/lib
This will only succeed after if you have already installed FunParToolsand CmexTools (steps 1 and 2 above).
To test if all is well, go to tenscalc/examples
and try a few example, such as
A few Model Predictive Control (MPC) examples can be found ontenscalc/examples/mpcmhe
, such as
For this to work, MATLAB must have write permissions to the foldertenscalc/examples
the solvers generated by TensCalc takes much longer time underMicrosoft Windows 10 than under OSX. E.g., each of the solversgenerated by sls above takes about 10-20s in OSX, but 170-200sunder Windows 10. Nevertheless, the actual solvers run pretty muchas fast (last optimization in sls takes about 850us under OSX and941us under Windows 10). I am running Windows 10 inside a virtualmachine (parallels), which could explain slower speed but not a10x increase in compilation time. Please email me if you haveideas.
Tensors are essentially multi-dimensional arrays, but one needs tokeep in mind that in Matlab every variable is an array of dimension2 or larger. However, this is not always suitable for TensCalc,which also needs arrays of dimension 0 (i.e., scalars) and 1 (i.e.,vectors). This can create confusion because Matlab automatically“upgrades” scalars and vectors to matrices (by adding singletondimensions), but this is not done for TensCalc expressions.
The basic objects in TensCalc are symbolic tensor-valued expressions(STVEs). These expressions typically involve symbolic variables thatcan be manipulated symbolically, evaluated for specific values of itsvariables, and optimized.
Prior to numerical optimization, STVEs must be “compiled” forefficient computation. This compilation can take a few seconds or evenminutes but results in highly efficient Matlab or C code. Bigpayoffs arise when you need to evaluate or optimize an expressionmultiple time, for different values of input variables. TensCalc’scompilation functions thus always ask you to specify inputparameters. Much more on TensCalc’s compilations tools can be foundin CSparse’s documentation.
The following sequence of TensCalc command can be used to declare an STVE to beused in a simple least-squares optimization problem.
To perform an optimization we need to create an appropriatespecialized Matlab class (say called 'minslsu'), using the followingcommand:
The goal of this class is to minimize the symbolic expression J
withrespect to the variable x
, subject to the constrains x>=0
andx<=.05
. The symbolic variables A
and b
are declared asparameters that can be changed from optimization tooptimization. Setting the solverVerboseLevel
to 3, asks for amoderate amount of debugging information to be printed while thesolver is executed (one line per iteration of the solver).
Once can see the methods available for the class Cminslsc
generated by cmex2optimizeCS
using the usualhelp
command, which produces:
The following commands creates an instance of the class and preformsthe optimization for specific parameter values:
The parameters mu0
and maxIter
passed to the solver are theinitial value of the barrier variable and the maximum number of Newtoniterations, respectively.
The example above and many others can be found in tenscalcexamples
.
Full documentation for this toolbox can be found in
doc/tenscalc.pdf
Additional technical information can be found at
doc/ipm.pdf
doc/csparse.pdf
doc/computationgraphs.pdf
doc/timeseries.pdf
While most Matlab scripts are agnostic to the underlying operatingsystems (OSs), the use of mex
functions depends heavily on theoperating systems.
Our goal is to build a toolbox that works across multiple OSs; atleast under OSX, linux, and Microsoft Windows. However, most of ourtesting was done under OSX so one should expect some bugs under theother OSs. Sorry about that.
Currently the compilation of TensCalc solvers under MicrosoftWindows 10 seems to be very slow. It is not clear what causes this.
Getting the solver to converge can be difficult for problems thatare numerically ill conditioned, especially with the C code thatdoes not do any numerical conditioning to find the Newton direction.
TensCalc gives very obscure error messages that make it prettyhard to for users to figure out what is wrong with theiroptimizations.
E.g., if the cost function does not depend on one of theoptimization variables, the error message complains that 'sparsegradients are not supported' Why? because if the cost function doesnot depend on one of the variables, then the gradient of the costfunction is indeed a vector with some entries that are alwayszero. In general, TensCalc loves sparse matrices/vectors to makefast computations, but it is not prepared to handle sparse gradientssince this should never happen.
The following people greatly helped in testing and improving thistoolbox: David Copp, Sharad Shankar, Calvin Wang, Ricard Scott Erwing,Justin Pearson.
Joao Hespanha (hespanha@ece.ucsb.edu)
University of California, Santa Barbara
Copyright 2010-2017 Joao Hespanha
This file is part of Tenscalc.
TensCalc is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify itunder the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by theFree Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at youroption) any later version.
TensCalc is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, butWITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty ofMERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNUGeneral Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public Licensealong with TensCalc. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.